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Genital System Development, Indiff. gonads- -pair of long'al gonadal ridges->prim sex cords -6th week-germ cells migrate to indiff gonad -along hindgut dorsal mesentery -induce gonad to diff'ate -before, endoderm cells in yolk sac wall -close to allantois -part of morula that hid out in yolk sac ???? Testis-male sex gland TDF->prim. sex cords form rete testis, testis -cords lose contact w/ surface epith. MEDULLARY CORDS DEVELOP -CT forms tunica albuginea SOX9->antimullerian hormone (AMH)=MIS -mullerian inhibiting substance AMH/MIS from Sertoli Cells, Ovary-female sex gland Surface epith continues to proliferate-> CORTICAL CORDS->isolated cell clusters medullary cords degenerate Germ cells->oogonia Epith cells->Follicular cells no tunica albuginea ???? Estrogens (mat/placental)-> ->stim parameso ducts-ut, ut. tube, upper vag ->stim ext. genitalia-labia, clitoris, lower vag, 3 structures at 4 wks-indiff stage 1. genital swelling 2. genital tubercle-cloacal folds unite above orifice 3. cloacal fold->'urethral folds' after anal fold pinches off ???? Estrogens from ovary ->short elongation of tubercle-clitoris -urethral folds don't fuse->labia minora -genital swellings enlarge->labia majora urogenital groove open->vestibule, Female- 1. meso ducts degenerate normally can make epoophoron or paroophoron cysts -can make Gartner's cyst if in wall of ut, vag 2. parames-form uterine tubes (+divisions, fimbrae) uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina(?) ???? Uterus- -parameso tubues join, make uterine septum -septum fuses->body, cervix of uterus surrounding mesenchyme->myometrium peritoneal covering->perimetrium, Female- 1. meso ducts degenerate normally can make epoophoron or paroophoron cysts -can make Gartner's cyst if in wall of ut, vag 2. parames-form uterine tubes (+divisions, fimbrae) uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina(?) ???? Broad ligament of uterus-2 folds of peritoneum -parames ducts wrap around front to meet -ovaries now post. to dragged-out mesentery -makes uterorectal & uterovesical pouches -ovary hangs on mesentery -mesosalpinx-mesentery over oviducts -mesovarium-holds ovary on back of broad liga -mesometrium-mesentery of uterus Ovarian ligament-ovary to uterus Suspensory ligament-ovary to body wall Cardinal ligament-cervix to lateral pelvic walls, 3 structures at 4 wks-indiff stage 1. genital swelling 2. genital tubercle-cloacal folds unite above orifice 3. cloacal fold->'urethral folds' after anal fold pinches off ???? Fetal testes->androgens-10 wks ->elongation of tubercle->'phallus' urethral folds pull forward->ureth groove -urethral plate-epith lines groove<-endoderm end of 3rd mo-folds close over plate->penile urethra -penile urethra doesn't get thru glans -ectoderm from glans tip penetrates tip, making External Urethral Meatus-ɰth mo. scrotal swellings fuse-arise from inguinal region, Genital System Development ???? Key to Sex Differentiation: Testis-Determining Factor (TDF) -on Y-chromosome's sex-determining region (SRY) -acts w/ autosomal gene SOX9, Fetal testes->androgens-10 wks ->elongation of tubercle->'phallus' urethral folds pull forward->ureth groove -urethral plate-epith lines groove<-endoderm end of 3rd mo-folds close over plate->penile urethra -penile urethra doesn't get thru glans -ectoderm from glans tip penetrates tip, making External Urethral Meatus-ɰth mo. scrotal swellings fuse-arise from inguinal region ???? Hypospadias-incomplete fusion of urethral folds Epispadias-gen tub forms at UR septum urethral meatus on penis dorsum UG sinus opens on top of penis can occur with: Exstrophy of bladder-exposed to outside prim streak mesoderm normally migrates around cloacal memb. to form ant. body wall, Uterus- -parameso tubues join, make uterine septum -septum fuses->body, cervix of uterus surrounding mesenchyme->myometrium peritoneal covering->perimetrium ???? Vagina -parames. ducts reach urogenital sinus -ɮ solid evaginations from sinus ->canalized, joins end of uterus ->vagina, ant/post fornices, Ducts M/F with 2 ducts 1. Mesonephric-see kidney stuff-'Wolffian' 2. Paramesonephric-ant'lateral surface of ridge -opens cranially -cross mesoneph. ducts to join each other -become uterine canal -aka 'Mullerian' duct ???? Female- 1. meso ducts degenerate normally can make epoophoron or paroophoron cysts -can make Gartner's cyst if in wall of ut, vag 2. parames-form uterine tubes (+divisions, fimbrae) uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina(?)